Drop support for Python 3.10

.github/compare-dist-sizes.py

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 """
 
 # /// script
-# requires-python = ">=3.10"
+# requires-python = ">=3.11"
 # dependencies = [
 #     "humanize",
 #     "prettytable",

.github/generate-sbom.py

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ def upstream_diff_b64(
 
 def generate(version: str) -> dict:
     serial = str(uuid.uuid4())
-    now = dt.datetime.now(dt.timezone.utc).strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")
+    now = dt.datetime.now(dt.UTC).strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")
     purl = f"pkg:pypi/pillow@{version}"
     root = Path(__file__).parent.parent
     thirdparty = root / "src" / "thirdparty"

.github/workflows/test-docker.yml

@@ -47,7 +47,6 @@ jobs:
           fedora-43-amd64,
           fedora-44-amd64,
           gentoo,
-          ubuntu-22.04-jammy-amd64,
           ubuntu-24.04-noble-amd64,
           ubuntu-26.04-resolute-amd64,
         ]

.github/workflows/test-windows.yml

@@ -31,12 +31,12 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        python-version: ["pypy3.11", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14", "3.15"]
+        python-version: ["pypy3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14", "3.15"]
         architecture: ["x64"]
         os: ["windows-latest"]
         include:
             # Test the oldest Python on 32-bit
-            - { python-version: "3.10", architecture: "x86", os: "windows-2022" }
+            - { python-version: "3.11", architecture: "x86", os: "windows-2022" }
 
     timeout-minutes: 45
 

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -45,15 +45,14 @@ jobs:
           "3.13",
           "3.12",
           "3.11",
-          "3.10",
         ]
         include:
-        - { python-version: "3.12", PYTHONOPTIMIZE: 1, REVERSE: "--reverse" }
-        - { python-version: "3.11", PYTHONOPTIMIZE: 2 }
+        - { python-version: "3.13", PYTHONOPTIMIZE: 1, REVERSE: "--reverse" }
+        - { python-version: "3.12", PYTHONOPTIMIZE: 2 }
         # Intel
-        - { os: "macos-26-intel", python-version: "3.10" }
+        - { os: "macos-26-intel", python-version: "3.11" }
         exclude:
-        - { os: "macos-latest", python-version: "3.10" }
+        - { os: "macos-latest", python-version: "3.11" }
 
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     name: ${{ matrix.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}

.github/workflows/wheels.yml

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ concurrency:
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
 env:
-  EXPECTED_DISTS: 87
+  EXPECTED_DISTS: 78
   FORCE_COLOR: 1
 
 jobs:
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ jobs:
             platform: macos
             os: macos-26-intel
             cibw_arch: x86_64
-            build: "cp3{10,11}*"
+            build: "cp311*"
             macosx_deployment_target: "10.10"
           - name: "macOS 10.13 x86_64"
             platform: macos

Tests/test_bmp_reference.py

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def test_questionable() -> None:
                 im.load()
             if os.path.basename(f) not in supported:
                 print(f"Please add {f} to the partially supported bmp specs.")
-        except Exception:  # noqa: PERF203
+        except Exception:
             if os.path.basename(f) in supported:
                 raise
 
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ def get_compare(f: str) -> str:
 
                     assert_image_similar(im_converted, compare_converted, 5)
 
-        except Exception as msg:  # noqa: PERF203
+        except Exception as msg:
             # there are three here that are unsupported:
             unsupported = (
                 os.path.join(base, "g", "rgb32bf.bmp"),

Tests/test_file_avif.py

@@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ def test_svt_optimizations(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 @skip_unless_feature("avif")
 class TestAvifAnimation:
     @contextmanager
-    def star_frames(self) -> Generator[list[Image.Image], None, None]:
+    def star_frames(self) -> Generator[list[Image.Image]]:
         with Image.open("Tests/images/avif/star.png") as f:
             yield [f, f.rotate(90), f.rotate(180), f.rotate(270)]
 
@@ -676,7 +676,7 @@ def check(temp_file: Path) -> None:
             # Test appending using a generator
             def imGenerator(
                 ims: list[Image.Image],
-            ) -> Generator[Image.Image, None, None]:
+            ) -> Generator[Image.Image]:
                 yield from ims
 
             temp_file2 = tmp_path / "temp_generator.avif"

Tests/test_file_gif.py

@@ -1191,7 +1191,7 @@ def test_append_images(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         assert reread.n_frames == 3
 
     # Tests appending using a generator
-    def im_generator(ims: list[Image.Image]) -> Generator[Image.Image, None, None]:
+    def im_generator(ims: list[Image.Image]) -> Generator[Image.Image]:
         yield from ims
 
     im.save(out, save_all=True, append_images=im_generator(ims))

Tests/test_file_jpeg2k.py

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
-def card() -> Generator[ImageFile.ImageFile, None, None]:
+def card() -> Generator[ImageFile.ImageFile]:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/test-card.png") as im:
         im.load()
     try:

Tests/test_file_pdf.py

@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ def test_save_all(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         assert os.path.getsize(outfile) > 0
 
         # Test appending using a generator
-        def im_generator(ims: list[Image.Image]) -> Generator[Image.Image, None, None]:
+        def im_generator(ims: list[Image.Image]) -> Generator[Image.Image]:
             yield from ims
 
         im.save(outfile, save_all=True, append_images=im_generator(ims))

Tests/test_file_tiff.py

@@ -775,7 +775,7 @@ def test_tiff_save_all(self) -> None:
             assert reread.n_frames == 3
 
         # Test appending using a generator
-        def im_generator(ims: list[Image.Image]) -> Generator[Image.Image, None, None]:
+        def im_generator(ims: list[Image.Image]) -> Generator[Image.Image]:
             yield from ims
 
         mp = BytesIO()

Tests/test_file_webp_animated.py

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ def check(temp_file: Path) -> None:
             # Tests appending using a generator
             def im_generator(
                 ims: list[Image.Image],
-            ) -> Generator[Image.Image, None, None]:
+            ) -> Generator[Image.Image]:
                 yield from ims
 
             temp_file2 = tmp_path / "temp_generator.webp"

Tests/test_image_resample.py

@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ def test_dirty_pixels_la(self) -> None:
 
 class TestCoreResamplePasses:
     @contextmanager
-    def count(self, diff: int) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    def count(self, diff: int) -> Generator[None]:
         count = Image.core.get_stats()["new_count"]
         yield
         assert Image.core.get_stats()["new_count"] - count == diff
@@ -485,9 +485,7 @@ def test_wrong_arguments(self, resample: Image.Resampling) -> None:
     def resize_tiled(
         self, im: Image.Image, dst_size: tuple[int, int], xtiles: int, ytiles: int
     ) -> Image.Image:
-        def split_range(
-            size: int, tiles: int
-        ) -> Generator[tuple[int, int], None, None]:
+        def split_range(size: int, tiles: int) -> Generator[tuple[int, int]]:
             scale = size / tiles
             for i in range(tiles):
                 yield int(round(scale * i)), int(round(scale * (i + 1)))

Tests/test_image_resize.py

@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ def test_cross_platform(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
-def gradients_image() -> Generator[ImageFile.ImageFile, None, None]:
+def gradients_image() -> Generator[ImageFile.ImageFile]:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/radial_gradients.png") as im:
         im.load()
     try:

Tests/test_imageops_usm.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
-def test_images() -> Generator[dict[str, ImageFile.ImageFile], None, None]:
+def test_images() -> Generator[dict[str, ImageFile.ImageFile]]:
     ims = {
         "im": Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.ppm"),
         "snakes": Image.open("Tests/images/color_snakes.png"),

docs/installation/newer-versions.csv

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
-Python,3.14,3.13,3.12,3.11,3.10,3.9,3.8,3.7,3.6,3.5
-Pillow 12,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,,,,,
-Pillow 11,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,,,,
-Pillow 10.1 - 10.4,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,,,
-Pillow 10.0,,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,,,
-Pillow 9.3 - 9.5,,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,,
-Pillow 9.0 - 9.2,,,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,,
-Pillow 8.3.2 - 8.4,,,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,
-Pillow 8.0 - 8.3.1,,,,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,
-Pillow 7.0 - 7.2,,,,,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes
+Python,3.14,3.13,3.12,3.11,3.10,3.9,3.8,3.7,3.6,3.5
+Pillow 13,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,,,,,,
+Pillow 12,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,,,,,
+Pillow 11,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,,,,
+Pillow 10.1 - 10.4,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,,,
+Pillow 10.0,,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,,,
+Pillow 9.3 - 9.5,,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,,
+Pillow 9.0 - 9.2,,,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,,
+Pillow 8.3.2 - 8.4,,,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,
+Pillow 8.0 - 8.3.1,,,,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,
+Pillow 7.0 - 7.2,,,,,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes

docs/installation/platform-support.rst

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ These platforms are built and tested for every change.
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 | Arch                             | 3.14                       | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
-| CentOS Stream 9                  | 3.10                       | x86-64              |
+| CentOS Stream 9                  | 3.11                       | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 | CentOS Stream 10                 | 3.12                       | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
@@ -38,19 +38,19 @@ These platforms are built and tested for every change.
 | macOS 15 Sequoia                 | 3.11, 3.12, 3.13, 3.14,    | arm64               |
 |                                  | 3.15, PyPy3                |                     |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
-| macOS 26 Tahoe                   | 3.10                       | x86-64              |
+| macOS 26 Tahoe                   | 3.11                       | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 | Ubuntu Linux 22.04 LTS (Jammy)   | 3.10                       | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
-| Ubuntu Linux 24.04 LTS (Noble)   | 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13,    | x86-64              |
+| Ubuntu Linux 24.04 LTS (Noble)   | 3.11, 3.12, 3.13,          | x86-64              |
 |                                  | 3.14, 3.15, PyPy3          |                     |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 | Ubuntu Linux 26.04 LTS (Resolute)| 3.14                       | x86-64, arm64v8,    |
 |                                  |                            | ppc64le, s390x      |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
-| Windows Server 2022              | 3.10                       | x86                 |
+| Windows Server 2022              | 3.11                       | x86                 |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
-| Windows Server 2025              | 3.11, 3.12, 3.13, 3.14,    | x86-64              |
+| Windows Server 2025              | 3.12, 3.13, 3.14,          | x86-64              |
 |                                  | 3.15, PyPy3                |                     |
 |                                  +----------------------------+---------------------+
 |                                  | 3.14 (MinGW)               | x86-64              |

docs/releasenotes/13.0.0.rst

@@ -17,6 +17,12 @@ TODO
 Backwards incompatible changes
 ==============================
 
+Python 3.10
+^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Pillow has dropped support for Python 3.10,
+which reached end-of-life in October 2026.
+
 Saving I mode images as PNG
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 

pyproject.toml

@@ -20,11 +20,10 @@ license-files = [ "LICENSE" ]
 authors = [
   { name = "Jeffrey 'Alex' Clark", email = "aclark@aclark.net" },
 ]
-requires-python = ">=3.10"
+requires-python = ">=3.11"
 classifiers = [
   "Development Status :: 6 - Mature",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
-  "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
@@ -189,7 +188,7 @@ max_supported_python = "3.14"
 
 [tool.mypy]
 follow_imports = "silent"
-python_version = "3.10"
+python_version = "3.11"
 disallow_any_generics = true
 disallow_untyped_defs = true
 warn_redundant_casts = true

setup.py

@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ def _pkg_config(name: str) -> tuple[list[str], list[str]] | None:
                 subprocess.check_output(command_cflags).decode("utf8").strip(),
             )[::2][1:]
             return libs, cflags
-        except Exception:  # noqa: PERF203
+        except Exception:
             pass
     return None
 

src/PIL/Image.py

@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ def init() -> bool:
         try:
             logger.debug("Importing %s", plugin)
             __import__(f"{__spec__.parent}.{plugin}", globals(), locals(), [])
-        except ImportError as e:  # noqa: PERF203
+        except ImportError as e:
             logger.debug("Image: failed to import %s: %s", plugin, e)
 
     if OPEN or SAVE:
@@ -3364,8 +3364,8 @@ class SupportsArrowArrayInterface(Protocol):
     """
 
     def __arrow_c_array__(
-        self, requested_schema: "PyCapsule" = None  # type: ignore[name-defined]  # noqa: F821, UP037
-    ) -> tuple["PyCapsule", "PyCapsule"]:  # type: ignore[name-defined]  # noqa: F821, UP037
+        self, requested_schema: PyCapsule = None  # type: ignore[name-defined]  # noqa: F821
+    ) -> tuple[PyCapsule, PyCapsule]:  # type: ignore[name-defined]  # noqa: F821
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
 

src/PIL/ImageFont.py

@@ -951,7 +951,7 @@ def load_path(filename: str | bytes) -> ImageFont:
     for directory in sys.path:
         try:
             return load(os.path.join(directory, filename))
-        except OSError:  # noqa: PERF203
+        except OSError:
             pass
     msg = f'cannot find font file "{filename}" in sys.path'
     if os.path.exists(filename):

src/PIL/PcfFontFile.py

@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ def _load_encoding(self) -> list[int | None]:
                 ]
                 if encoding_offset != 0xFFFF:
                     encoding[i] = encoding_offset
-            except UnicodeDecodeError:  # noqa: PERF203
+            except UnicodeDecodeError:
                 # character is not supported in selected encoding
                 pass
 

src/PIL/TiffImagePlugin.py

@@ -465,9 +465,7 @@ def __setstate__(self, state: list[float | Fraction | IntegralLike]) -> None:
     __floor__ = _delegate("__floor__")
     __round__ = _delegate("__round__")
     __float__ = _delegate("__float__")
-    # Python >= 3.11
-    if hasattr(Fraction, "__int__"):
-        __int__ = _delegate("__int__")
+    __int__ = _delegate("__int__")
 
 
 _LoaderFunc = Callable[["ImageFileDirectory_v2", bytes, bool], Any]

tox.ini

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ requires =
 env_list =
     lint
     mypy
-    py{py3, 315, 314, 313, 312, 311, 310}
+    py{py3, 315, 314, 313, 312, 311}
 
 [testenv]
 deps =