MetaClass `tp_new == NULL` needs to be rejected in Python for `type(...)`

[seberg]

Bug report

Bug description:

# `metaclass_instance == np.dtype` for NumPy main
type("name", metaclass_instance, {})

for metaclasses that have tp_new == NULL is well defined: It has to be a Python error just like:

>>> type(metaclass_instace)()
TypeError: cannot create 'numpy._DTypeMeta' instances

(in this case a NumPy metaclass, but you need the main branch of NumPy to test this.)

That is, a metaclass that is a valid baseclass in C but has tp_new == NULL cannot be instantiated from Python but hits this code branch:

cpython/Objects/typeobject.c

Line 5029 in 94a64bb

*type = winner->tp_new(winner, ctx->args, ctx->kwds);

Which clearly segfaults for tp_new == NULL.

CPython versions tested on:

CPython main branch

Operating systems tested on:

No response

Linked PRs

• gh-151912: Fix segfault in type() with NULL tp_new metaclasses #151916
• [3.14] gh-151912: Fix segfault in type() with NULL tp_new metaclasses (GH-151916) #153705
• [3.13] gh-151912: Fix segfault in type() with NULL tp_new metaclasses (GH-151916) #153706
• [3.15] gh-151912: Fix segfault in type() with NULL tp_new metaclasses (GH-151916) #153707