diff --git a/src/_pytest/main.py b/src/_pytest/main.py
index c4df4e46983..450966c45cf 100644
--- a/src/_pytest/main.py
+++ b/src/_pytest/main.py
@@ -893,6 +893,23 @@ def _collect_one_node(
             return rep, True
         else:
             rep = collect_one_node(node)
+            if rep.passed and node in self._collection_cache:
+                # Re-collection (handle_dupes=False) creates fresh child nodes.
+                # Reuse previously-seen Directory children so that fixture
+                # registration (keyed by node identity) remains valid. (#14635)
+                prev_result = self._collection_cache[node].result
+                prev_dirs = {
+                    child.path: child
+                    for child in prev_result
+                    if isinstance(child, nodes.Directory)
+                }
+                if prev_dirs:
+                    rep.result = [
+                        prev_dirs.get(child.path, child)
+                        if isinstance(child, nodes.Directory)
+                        else child
+                        for child in rep.result
+                    ]
             self._collection_cache[node] = rep
             return rep, False
 
diff --git a/testing/test_conftest.py b/testing/test_conftest.py
index 23a0db81c39..38363a3ba1c 100644
--- a/testing/test_conftest.py
+++ b/testing/test_conftest.py
@@ -911,6 +911,115 @@ def test_uses_ancestor(ancestor_fixture):
     result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(["*test_uses_ancestor*PASSED*", "*1 passed*"])
 
 
+def test_fixture_closure_order_independence_with_parametrize(
+    pytester: Pytester,
+) -> None:
+    """Regression test for #14635.
+
+    A test's fixture closure (and thus parametrize validation) should be
+    independent of which unrelated paths were collected earlier in the session.
+
+    The scenario: a test uses @pytest.mark.parametrize("fixture_param", [...])
+    where fixture_param is NOT a direct arg of the test but IS an argname of a
+    fixture the test depends on transitively. Collecting unrelated directories
+    before the test's directory should not cause the fixture_param to drop out
+    of the closure.
+    """
+    root = pytester.path
+    tests = root / "tests"
+    tests.mkdir()
+    tests.joinpath("__init__.py").write_text("", encoding="utf-8")
+
+    # tests/conftest.py - empty (or with some unrelated fixture)
+    tests.joinpath("conftest.py").write_text(
+        textwrap.dedent("""\
+            import pytest
+        """),
+        encoding="utf-8",
+    )
+
+    # tests/components/ with its conftest
+    components = tests / "components"
+    components.mkdir()
+    components.joinpath("__init__.py").write_text("", encoding="utf-8")
+    components.joinpath("conftest.py").write_text(
+        textwrap.dedent("""\
+            import pytest
+
+            @pytest.fixture
+            def cache_dir_side_effect():
+                return None
+
+            @pytest.fixture
+            def mock_init_cache_dir(cache_dir_side_effect):
+                return cache_dir_side_effect
+
+            @pytest.fixture
+            def mock_cache_dir(mock_init_cache_dir):
+                return mock_init_cache_dir
+        """),
+        encoding="utf-8",
+    )
+
+    # tests/components/water_heater/ - unrelated test directory
+    water_heater = components / "water_heater"
+    water_heater.mkdir()
+    water_heater.joinpath("__init__.py").write_text("", encoding="utf-8")
+    water_heater.joinpath("test_water_heater.py").write_text(
+        textwrap.dedent("""\
+            def test_water_heater():
+                pass
+        """),
+        encoding="utf-8",
+    )
+
+    # tests/components/tts/ - the problematic test directory
+    tts = components / "tts"
+    tts.mkdir()
+    tts.joinpath("__init__.py").write_text("", encoding="utf-8")
+    tts.joinpath("conftest.py").write_text(
+        textwrap.dedent("""\
+            import pytest
+
+            @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+            def mock_cache_dir(mock_cache_dir):
+                # Autouse override that requests the parent fixture of same name
+                return mock_cache_dir
+        """),
+        encoding="utf-8",
+    )
+    tts.joinpath("test_init.py").write_text(
+        textwrap.dedent("""\
+            import pytest
+
+            @pytest.mark.parametrize("cache_dir_side_effect", ["error_value"])
+            async def test_setup_no_access(mock_init_cache_dir):
+                assert mock_init_cache_dir == "error_value"
+        """),
+        encoding="utf-8",
+    )
+
+    # tests/test_config_entries.py - another unrelated test
+    tests.joinpath("test_config_entries.py").write_text(
+        textwrap.dedent("""\
+            def test_config():
+                pass
+        """),
+        encoding="utf-8",
+    )
+
+    # This order triggers the bug: collecting water_heater and config_entries
+    # BEFORE tts causes the fixture closure to be wrong.
+    result = pytester.runpytest(
+        "--collect-only",
+        str(water_heater),
+        str(tests / "test_config_entries.py"),
+        str(tts / "test_init.py"),
+    )
+    result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(["*test_setup_no_access*"])
+    assert result.ret == ExitCode.OK
+
+
 def test_required_option_help(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
     pytester.makeconftest("assert 0")
     x = pytester.mkdir("x")